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Veronica arvensis

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Plantaginaceae Genus: Veronica

corn speedwell

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual herbs.

Stems: Stems erect or decumbent at base, 0.5–2(–3) dm long, unbranched to branched, moderately to sparsely hirtellous and ± puberulent.

Roots: Taprooted.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, inflorescence Alternate. Blades ovate to broadly ovate, 5–15(–20) mm long, 3–13 mm wide. Apex rounded. Base truncate to subcordate. Surfaces sparsely to moderately hirtellous. Margins crenate–serrate. Petioles 0–3 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers solitary in the upper leaf axils, forming a terminal raceme. Flowers bisexual (perfect); Pedicels 0.5–1(–2) mm long, bracts narrowly elliptic to linear–elliptic, gradually becoming reduced. Calyx 3–5 mm long, the lobes lanceolate, the upper pair longer than lower ones. Corolla inconspicuous, blue to violet, 1–1.5 mm long. Stamens 2. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, with as many cells; ovule placentation axile; stigma capitate.

Fruit: Capsules obcordate; strongly compressed; 2.5–3.5 mm long; 3–4 mm wide; the notch 0.5–0.8 mm deep; glandular puberulent along the margins. Seeds 8–12 per cell; 0.7–1 mm long.

Ploidy: 2n = 14; 16; 18

Habitat: Seasonally wet to wet; disturbed areas.

Elevation Range: 430–2,520 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Synonyms (42)

Agerella arvensis (L.) Fourr. (1869)
Cardia arvensis (L.) Dulac (1867)
Veronica acinifolia F.W.Schmidt (1793)
Veronica acinifolia var. brevipedunculata Pau (1896)
Veronica arvensis balearica Sennen (1930)
Veronica arvensis f. congesta Caball. (1946)
Veronica arvensis f. glandulosa Legrand (1883)
Veronica arvensis f. microcarpa Pau (1924)
Veronica arvensis f. pilosissima P.Monts. (1957)
Veronica arvensis subsp. pennellii Elenevsky (1974)
Veronica arvensis subsp. pseudoarvensis (Tineo) H.Lindb. (1932)
Veronica arvensis subsp. rubricaulis Marcet (1951)
Veronica arvensis var. atlantica Batt. (1881)
Veronica arvensis var. canescens Merino (1914)
Veronica arvensis var. demissa (Samp.) Cout. (1913)
Veronica arvensis var. erecta Klett & Richt. (1830)
Veronica arvensis var. microphylla Merino (1914)
Veronica arvensis var. nana DC. (1805)
Veronica arvensis var. polyanthos (Thuill.) Mérat (1812)
Veronica arvensis var. procumbens Schltdl. (1823)
Veronica arvensis var. pseudoarvensis (Tineo) Fiori (1908)
Veronica arvensis var. ramosa Wimm. & Grab. (1827)
Veronica arvensis var. reniformis (Raf.) Alph.Wood (1861)
Veronica arvensis var. rigida Vayr. (1902)
Veronica arvensis var. silvicola Lipsky (1894)
Veronica arvensis var. simplex Wimm. & Grab. (1827)
Veronica arvensis var. subsessilis Klett & Richt. (1830)
Veronica brevipedunculata Gilib. (1782)
Veronica demissa Samp. (1900)
Veronica depressa Kit. ex Schult. (1814)
Veronica hawaiensis H.Lév. (1911)
Veronica hirsuta Lucé (1823)
Veronica koeleri Roem. & Schult. (1817)
Veronica longiracemosa Colenso (1888)
Veronica nova Koeld. ex Roem. (1810)
Veronica polyanthos Thuill. (1799)
Veronica polygonoides Lam. (1791)
Veronica praecox var. macrocalyx Willk. (1876)
Veronica pseudoarvensis Tineo (1846)
Veronica racemifoliata Pérez Lara (1882)
Veronica reniformis Raf. (1808)
Veronica verna var. polygonoides (Lam.) Rouy (1908)

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Potentially naturalizing
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 13 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1248 (Mo, M, H); Lau & Frohlich 2015:38 (O); Faccenda 2024b:129 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Polipoli, below hunter check-in station OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/25/2007
2 Veronica arvensis Makaha Ridge, near Kokee, Pacific Missile Testing Range Mud near storm drain Preserved_Specimen Herb, flowers purple and white, capsules green Whistler, W.A. Kauai BISH 2011-03-05
3 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Slope of Haleakala, Puu Ouli Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2164 Maui BISH 1920-04-06
4 Veronica arvensis Kaalapuuwale [Kealapuali Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 230 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-21
5 Veronica arvensis Hawaii Volcanoes National park, Mauna Loa Strip, Kau district on lava flow between two kipuka; growing in collapsed open area of lava tube/flow channel. Very sparse vegetation. Preserved_Specimen Tiny herb. Flowers blue-violet. Pratt, L.W. 3159 Hawaii BISH 2001-03-21
6 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Hana District, upper Auwahi Growing in disturbed soil in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2491 Maui BISH 1986-02-02
7 Veronica arvensis Kula Forest Preserve, along Plum trail Damp soil in shady forest. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2923 Maui BISH 1987-10-22
8 Veronica arvensis OANRP west base, Schofield Barracks. Area X. Building #1131 on O‘ahu St. Mesic disturbed area, growing in gravel. Preserved_Specimen Herbs to 10 cm, flowers blue. Beachy, J. 336 Oahu BISH 2014-01-28
9 Veronica arvensis Makahalau paddock, Makahalau, Waimea, Hamakua In moist situations. Preserved_Specimen Common, small decumbent herb; flowers blue. Hosaka, E.Y. 2192 Hawaii BISH 1938-06-02
10 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Haleakala National Park summit at battom of the stairs to red hill Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 170 Maui BISH 2017-05-22
11 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Hana District, Auwahi In open kipuka in moist place. Preserved_Specimen Common. Hosaka, E.Y. 1735 Maui BISH 1937-01-23
12 Veronica arvensis Kalae Rare in pasture. With Bromus rubens L. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1853 Molokai BISH 1937-04-17
13 Veronica arvensis Waikolu On pumping station road near first pump; Waikolu transect 1 Preserved_Specimen small annual herb, purple flowers Wysong, M.L. 726 Molokai BISH 2005-03-29
14 Veronica arvensis Parker Ranch, Makahalau Pasture; medium rainfall. Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 330 Hawaii BISH 1934-02-26
15 Veronica arvensis Waialua District, Kawailoa Training Area, Drum Road. Along road. Open mesic forest of Falcataria, Chrysophyllum, and Cinnamomum with periodic open disturbed roadside areas. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling ground cover, flowers lavender. Numerous along road. Cultivated regions occur further south along the road. Maosi, P. 533 Oahu BISH 2020-03-10
16 Veronica arvensis Kokee State Park, Puu O Kila lookout Weed all around lookout with Epilobium, Plantago, Hypochoeris, and Taraxacum. Preserved_Specimen Herb 4 in. Corolla whitish blue without, deep azure blue within. Flynn, T.W. 3101 Kauai BISH 1988-08-09
17 Veronica arvensis Maintenance Baseyard at Haleakala National Park, Maui Under rock piles. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2224 Maui BISH 2006-02-17
18 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Polipoli, below hunter check-in station On side of rd. Associated vegetation: Acacia mearnsii, Pennisetum clandestinum. Preserved_Specimen Prostrate, clumping herb; lvs green w. purple undersides and purple stems, stems and lvs hirsute. Starr, F. 104152 Maui BISH 2001-04-15
19 Veronica arvensis Pu`u Ka`ala. Summit, roadside. Moist cool,mowed, open area. Preserved_Specimen Uncommon Faccenda, K. 2203 Oahu BISH 2022-01-21
20 Veronica arvensis Kalaupapa; Waikolu, near 1st pump, road Preserved_Specimen small annual herb, purple flowers Wysong, M.L. 726 Molokai BISH 2005-03-29
21 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Hana District, upper E end of Auwahi Remnant dryland sclerophyll forest. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5475 Maui BISH 1984-10-07
22 Veronica arvensis North Kona Distr., Keauhou 2 ahupuaa; Tr 58(27); northwest slope of Mauna Loa, 0.5-4 km. S of Puu Lehua Dry exotic grassland with scattered mamane trees. Growing on `a`a/ash substrate. Preserved_Specimen Small herb with 2-3 mm. blue flowers. Uncommon. Warshauer, F.R. 1800 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-14
23 Veronica arvensis Ulupalakua, Makawao Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1803 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
24 Veronica arvensis Waimea Canyon Road, Hunter check in Station ca. 10 km N of Waimea Mowed grass near check in station building, semi-moist, sunny area Preserved_Specimen Flowers bright blue, rare Faccenda, K. 2455 Kauai BISH 2022-06-02
25 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala National Park, Paliku Growing in hollow of olapa (Cheirodendron gaudichaudii) tree. Preserved_Specimen Decumbent herb, rooting at nodes as well as between. Flowers very tiny, light purple, 4-lobed, petals 4, stamens adnate to petals which look like leaves. Olson, G.E. 98 Maui BISH 1937-08-20
26 Veronica arvensis Mauna Kea; Moano Hill, Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3296 Hawaii BISH 1909-01-01
27 Veronica arvensis Koloa District; Kalaheo, Kukuiolona golf course, near tee to 4th hole OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Kauai HAPI 3/25/2007
28 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Waikamoi Growing as a weed in damp soil by the lean-to in the parking area at the end of the flume. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2383 Maui BISH 1985-04-27
29 Veronica arvensis 96740, Kailua Kona, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/25/2007
30 Veronica arvensis Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 892 Hawaii BISH 1909-01-01
31 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Polipoli, below hunter check-in station OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/25/2007
32 Veronica arvensis Makaha Ridge, near Kokee, Pacific Missile Testing Range Mud near storm drain Preserved_Specimen Herb, flowers purple and white, capsules green Whistler, W.A. Kauai BISH 2011-03-05
33 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Slope of Haleakala, Puu Ouli Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2164 Maui BISH 1920-04-06
34 Veronica arvensis Kaalapuuwale [Kealapuali Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 230 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-21
35 Veronica arvensis Hawaii Volcanoes National park, Mauna Loa Strip, Kau district on lava flow between two kipuka; growing in collapsed open area of lava tube/flow channel. Very sparse vegetation. Preserved_Specimen Tiny herb. Flowers blue-violet. Pratt, L.W. 3159 Hawaii BISH 2001-03-21
36 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Hana District, upper Auwahi Growing in disturbed soil in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2491 Maui BISH 1986-02-02
37 Veronica arvensis Kula Forest Preserve, along Plum trail Damp soil in shady forest. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2923 Maui BISH 1987-10-22
38 Veronica arvensis OANRP west base, Schofield Barracks. Area X. Building #1131 on O‘ahu St. Mesic disturbed area, growing in gravel. Preserved_Specimen Herbs to 10 cm, flowers blue. Beachy, J. 336 Oahu BISH 2014-01-28
39 Veronica arvensis Makahalau paddock, Makahalau, Waimea, Hamakua In moist situations. Preserved_Specimen Common, small decumbent herb; flowers blue. Hosaka, E.Y. 2192 Hawaii BISH 1938-06-02
40 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Haleakala National Park summit at battom of the stairs to red hill Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 170 Maui BISH 2017-05-22
41 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Hana District, Auwahi In open kipuka in moist place. Preserved_Specimen Common. Hosaka, E.Y. 1735 Maui BISH 1937-01-23
42 Veronica arvensis Kalae Rare in pasture. With Bromus rubens L. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1853 Molokai BISH 1937-04-17
43 Veronica arvensis Waikolu On pumping station road near first pump; Waikolu transect 1 Preserved_Specimen small annual herb, purple flowers Wysong, M.L. 726 Molokai BISH 2005-03-29
44 Veronica arvensis Parker Ranch, Makahalau Pasture; medium rainfall. Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 330 Hawaii BISH 1934-02-26
45 Veronica arvensis Waialua District, Kawailoa Training Area, Drum Road. Along road. Open mesic forest of Falcataria, Chrysophyllum, and Cinnamomum with periodic open disturbed roadside areas. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling ground cover, flowers lavender. Numerous along road. Cultivated regions occur further south along the road. Maosi, P. 533 Oahu BISH 2020-03-10
46 Veronica arvensis Kokee State Park, Puu O Kila lookout Weed all around lookout with Epilobium, Plantago, Hypochoeris, and Taraxacum. Preserved_Specimen Herb 4 in. Corolla whitish blue without, deep azure blue within. Flynn, T.W. 3101 Kauai BISH 1988-08-09
47 Veronica arvensis Maintenance Baseyard at Haleakala National Park, Maui Under rock piles. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2224 Maui BISH 2006-02-17
48 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Polipoli, below hunter check-in station On side of rd. Associated vegetation: Acacia mearnsii, Pennisetum clandestinum. Preserved_Specimen Prostrate, clumping herb; lvs green w. purple undersides and purple stems, stems and lvs hirsute. Starr, F. 104152 Maui BISH 2001-04-15
49 Veronica arvensis Pu`u Ka`ala. Summit, roadside. Moist cool,mowed, open area. Preserved_Specimen Uncommon Faccenda, K. 2203 Oahu BISH 2022-01-21
50 Veronica arvensis Kalaupapa; Waikolu, near 1st pump, road Preserved_Specimen small annual herb, purple flowers Wysong, M.L. 726 Molokai BISH 2005-03-29
51 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Hana District, upper E end of Auwahi Remnant dryland sclerophyll forest. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5475 Maui BISH 1984-10-07
52 Veronica arvensis North Kona Distr., Keauhou 2 ahupuaa; Tr 58(27); northwest slope of Mauna Loa, 0.5-4 km. S of Puu Lehua Dry exotic grassland with scattered mamane trees. Growing on `a`a/ash substrate. Preserved_Specimen Small herb with 2-3 mm. blue flowers. Uncommon. Warshauer, F.R. 1800 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-14
53 Veronica arvensis Ulupalakua, Makawao Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1803 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
54 Veronica arvensis Waimea Canyon Road, Hunter check in Station ca. 10 km N of Waimea Mowed grass near check in station building, semi-moist, sunny area Preserved_Specimen Flowers bright blue, rare Faccenda, K. 2455 Kauai BISH 2022-06-02
55 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala National Park, Paliku Growing in hollow of olapa (Cheirodendron gaudichaudii) tree. Preserved_Specimen Decumbent herb, rooting at nodes as well as between. Flowers very tiny, light purple, 4-lobed, petals 4, stamens adnate to petals which look like leaves. Olson, G.E. 98 Maui BISH 1937-08-20
56 Veronica arvensis Mauna Kea; Moano Hill, Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3296 Hawaii BISH 1909-01-01
57 Veronica arvensis Koloa District; Kalaheo, Kukuiolona golf course, near tee to 4th hole OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Kauai HAPI 3/25/2007
58 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Waikamoi Growing as a weed in damp soil by the lean-to in the parking area at the end of the flume. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2383 Maui BISH 1985-04-27
59 Veronica arvensis 96740, Kailua Kona, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/25/2007
60 Veronica arvensis Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 892 Hawaii BISH 1909-01-01
61 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Polipoli, below hunter check-in station OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/25/2007
62 Veronica arvensis Makaha Ridge, near Kokee, Pacific Missile Testing Range Mud near storm drain Preserved_Specimen Herb, flowers purple and white, capsules green Whistler, W.A. Kauai BISH 2011-03-05
63 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Slope of Haleakala, Puu Ouli Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2164 Maui BISH 1920-04-06
64 Veronica arvensis Kaalapuuwale [Kealapuali Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 230 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-21
65 Veronica arvensis Hawaii Volcanoes National park, Mauna Loa Strip, Kau district on lava flow between two kipuka; growing in collapsed open area of lava tube/flow channel. Very sparse vegetation. Preserved_Specimen Tiny herb. Flowers blue-violet. Pratt, L.W. 3159 Hawaii BISH 2001-03-21
66 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Hana District, upper Auwahi Growing in disturbed soil in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2491 Maui BISH 1986-02-02
67 Veronica arvensis Kula Forest Preserve, along Plum trail Damp soil in shady forest. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2923 Maui BISH 1987-10-22
68 Veronica arvensis OANRP west base, Schofield Barracks. Area X. Building #1131 on O‘ahu St. Mesic disturbed area, growing in gravel. Preserved_Specimen Herbs to 10 cm, flowers blue. Beachy, J. 336 Oahu BISH 2014-01-28
69 Veronica arvensis Makahalau paddock, Makahalau, Waimea, Hamakua In moist situations. Preserved_Specimen Common, small decumbent herb; flowers blue. Hosaka, E.Y. 2192 Hawaii BISH 1938-06-02
70 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Haleakala National Park summit at battom of the stairs to red hill Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 170 Maui BISH 2017-05-22
71 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Hana District, Auwahi In open kipuka in moist place. Preserved_Specimen Common. Hosaka, E.Y. 1735 Maui BISH 1937-01-23
72 Veronica arvensis Kalae Rare in pasture. With Bromus rubens L. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1853 Molokai BISH 1937-04-17
73 Veronica arvensis Waikolu On pumping station road near first pump; Waikolu transect 1 Preserved_Specimen small annual herb, purple flowers Wysong, M.L. 726 Molokai BISH 2005-03-29
74 Veronica arvensis Parker Ranch, Makahalau Pasture; medium rainfall. Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 330 Hawaii BISH 1934-02-26
75 Veronica arvensis Waialua District, Kawailoa Training Area, Drum Road. Along road. Open mesic forest of Falcataria, Chrysophyllum, and Cinnamomum with periodic open disturbed roadside areas. Preserved_Specimen Sprawling ground cover, flowers lavender. Numerous along road. Cultivated regions occur further south along the road. Maosi, P. 533 Oahu BISH 2020-03-10
76 Veronica arvensis Kokee State Park, Puu O Kila lookout Weed all around lookout with Epilobium, Plantago, Hypochoeris, and Taraxacum. Preserved_Specimen Herb 4 in. Corolla whitish blue without, deep azure blue within. Flynn, T.W. 3101 Kauai BISH 1988-08-09
77 Veronica arvensis Maintenance Baseyard at Haleakala National Park, Maui Under rock piles. Preserved_Specimen Welton, P. 2224 Maui BISH 2006-02-17
78 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Polipoli, below hunter check-in station On side of rd. Associated vegetation: Acacia mearnsii, Pennisetum clandestinum. Preserved_Specimen Prostrate, clumping herb; lvs green w. purple undersides and purple stems, stems and lvs hirsute. Starr, F. 104152 Maui BISH 2001-04-15
79 Veronica arvensis Pu`u Ka`ala. Summit, roadside. Moist cool,mowed, open area. Preserved_Specimen Uncommon Faccenda, K. 2203 Oahu BISH 2022-01-21
80 Veronica arvensis Kalaupapa; Waikolu, near 1st pump, road Preserved_Specimen small annual herb, purple flowers Wysong, M.L. 726 Molokai BISH 2005-03-29
81 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Hana District, upper E end of Auwahi Remnant dryland sclerophyll forest. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5475 Maui BISH 1984-10-07
82 Veronica arvensis North Kona Distr., Keauhou 2 ahupuaa; Tr 58(27); northwest slope of Mauna Loa, 0.5-4 km. S of Puu Lehua Dry exotic grassland with scattered mamane trees. Growing on `a`a/ash substrate. Preserved_Specimen Small herb with 2-3 mm. blue flowers. Uncommon. Warshauer, F.R. 1800 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-14
83 Veronica arvensis Ulupalakua, Makawao Occasional in pasture. Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1803 Maui BISH 1937-04-13
84 Veronica arvensis Waimea Canyon Road, Hunter check in Station ca. 10 km N of Waimea Mowed grass near check in station building, semi-moist, sunny area Preserved_Specimen Flowers bright blue, rare Faccenda, K. 2455 Kauai BISH 2022-06-02
85 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala National Park, Paliku Growing in hollow of olapa (Cheirodendron gaudichaudii) tree. Preserved_Specimen Decumbent herb, rooting at nodes as well as between. Flowers very tiny, light purple, 4-lobed, petals 4, stamens adnate to petals which look like leaves. Olson, G.E. 98 Maui BISH 1937-08-20
86 Veronica arvensis Mauna Kea; Moano Hill, Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 3296 Hawaii BISH 1909-01-01
87 Veronica arvensis Koloa District; Kalaheo, Kukuiolona golf course, near tee to 4th hole OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Kauai HAPI 3/25/2007
88 Veronica arvensis East Maui, Waikamoi Growing as a weed in damp soil by the lean-to in the parking area at the end of the flume. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2383 Maui BISH 1985-04-27
89 Veronica arvensis 96740, Kailua Kona, HI, US OBSERVATION Curtis Daehler Maui HAPI 3/25/2007
90 Veronica arvensis Mauna Kea Preserved_Specimen Faurie, A. 892 Hawaii BISH 1909-01-01
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